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The ethnonym Berber dates to the 19th century, derived from ''Barbary'' the term for the Maghreb coast used during the early modern period, itself from Greek ''barbaria'' "land of barbarians". The contemporary self-designation current mostly in Morocco is ''Imazighen'' (singular ''Amazigh''). This term is common in Morocco, especially among Central Atlas, Rifian and Shilah speakers in 1980,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=INALCO report on Central Morocco Tamazight: maps, extension, dialectology, name )〕 but elsewhere within the Berber homeland sometimes a local, more particular term, such as Kabyle (Kabyle comes from Arabic: tribal confederation) or Chaoui, is more often used instead in Algeria. The Berber tribal populations of antiquity are known as Numidians and later as Mauri in classical antiquity. These are umbrella terms that would include populations whose self-designation was a variety of tribal names, although Strabo asserts that ''Mauri'' was also used indigenously. The ''Libu'' of ancient Egyptian sources, eponymous of the name ''Libya'' may also have been an early Berber or Proto-Berber population. ==Berber== The term ''Berber'' is a variation of the Greek original word ''barbaros ("barbarian"),'' earlier in history applied by Romans specifically to their northern hostile neighbors from Germania (modern Germany) and Celts, Iberians, Gauls, Goths and Thracians. The variation is a French one when spelled ''Berbere'' and English when spelled ''Berber''. The term appeared first in the 4th century in the religious conflicts between Saint Augustine, a Numidian Berber-Roman bishop of the Catholic faith, and the Berber Donatists of the Donatism faith who were allies of the Barbarian Vandals. The Vandals migrated from Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal) where they were assailed by the Gauls allied to the Romans, and settled west of the Roman city of Carthage (in modern Tunisia) in the highlands (in modern Algeria). The Greek term "βάρβαρος / βάρβαροι" was originally a term for all non-Greek speakers, not necessarily used derogatively. The nonsense syllables "bar-bar" have no meaning in Greek; the term implied that all languages other than Greek were a collection of nonsense syllables. The term has been variously translated as "stutterers," "stammerers," or "babblers." The term did in origin refer to any people of "incomprehensible speech", including Persia and Egypt; its connotation of uncivilized rudeness, now the primary meaning of the term "barbarian", appears to have emerged in the Roman era or with the Migration period. Because the Berbers were called ''Al-Barbar'' by the Arabs, the early modern ''Barbary'' seems to be a re-adoption of the name from Arabic. Muslim historiography has an eponymous ''Barbar'' as the ancestor of the Berbers, "the Berbers were the descendants of Barbar, the son of Tamalla, the son of Mazigh, the son of Canaan, the son of Ham, the son of Noah" (Ibn Khaldun, ''The History of Ibn Khaldun'', Chapter 3). Another people called Berbers by medieval Arab and ancient Greek geographers, respectively, were the ancestors of the Somalis. ''Barbara'', an ancient region on the northern coast of Somalia was referred to as Bilad al-Barbar (''Land of the Berbers'').〔F.R.C. Bagley et al., ''The Last Great Muslim Empires'', (Brill: 1997), p.174〕〔James Hastings, ''Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 12: V. 12'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2003), p.490〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Names of the Berber people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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